Evaluation
of Antimicrobial Activity of Murraya koenigii Linn. Roots
Mohini Upadhye*, Sneha Barve, Swapnali
Holkar and Uttara Joshi
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Modern College of Pharmacy (For Ladies), Pune, India
ABSTRACT:
The
present study was designed to screen the antimicrobial activity of Murraya koenigii
Linn. The coarse material of Murraya koenigii was extracted with alcohol, benzene, acetone,
chloroform using Soxhlet and macerated to form water
extract. All the extracts were screened for its antibacterial activity using
agar well diffusion method. The microoraganisms used
for antibacterial activity were E. coli, S. abony, P. aeruginosa.The results revealed that the extracts of Murraya koenigii
roots are effective against E. coli, S. abony, P. aeruginosa.
KEYWORDS: Murraya koenigii L.,
antimicrobial activity
INTRODUCTION:
All
parts Murraya koenigii
belonging to family Rutaceae are useful in various
diseases and disorders like diabetes, eruption, while roots are used as
stimulant, stomachic, diarrhea, curing of dysentery and insect bites1.
Oil obtained from this plant exhibited a strong antibacterial and antifungal
activity. Phytochemical screening of the plant has
shown the presence of fatty acids, flavonoids and
alkaloids. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial
activity of aqueous, alcoholic, acetone, benzene, chloroform extracts of the
roots of Murraya koenigii2, 3.
MATERIALS AND
METHODS:
Collection:
The
roots of the plant Murraya koenigii were
collected from Moshi, Pune
during the month of September 2008.
Identification:
Its
botanical identity was confirmed by botanist Dr. P. G. Diwakar,
Botanical Survey, Pune, India.
Methods:
Preparation of Extracts:
The
roots were collected, cleaned and shade- dried. The dried roots were then pulvarised by a mechanical grinder and passed through a 20
mesh sieve. The powdered roots were then extracted with ethanol, acetone,
benzene and chloroform by using Soxhlet assembly.
Aqueous extract was prepared by cold maceration. The extraction was carried out
for 24 hrs at room temperature with mild shaking. The extracts were filtered
and concentrated at 45oC, and the weight of each residue was
recorded and percent yield was calculated. These extracts were used for
analyzing the antimicrobial activity against the reference strains.
Table 1: Phytochemical
Analysis of Murraya koenigii roots
|
Sr. No. |
Test |
Aqueous extract |
Ethanol Extract |
Acetone Extract |
Benzene Extract |
Cloroform Extract |
|
1 |
% yield |
21.2% |
2.8% |
2.8% |
2.0% |
2.6% |
|
2 |
Carbohydrates |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
3 |
Amino acids |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
4 |
Flavonoids |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
5 |
Volatile oil |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
6 |
Tannins |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
|
7 |
Glycosides |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
+
indicates presence, -indicates absence
Table 2: Analysis of Antibacterial
Activity of Murraya koenigii Roots by
Agar Well Diffusion Method
|
Microorganisms |
Diameter of zone inhibition in mm |
|||||
|
Aqueous 30 % |
Ethanol 30 % |
Acetone 30 % |
Benzene 30 % |
Chloroform 30
% |
Control |
|
|
E. coli |
23 |
23 |
13 |
13 |
19 |
22 |
|
S. abony |
20 |
19 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
26 |
|
P. aeruginosa |
22 |
15 |
17 |
14 |
13 |
28 |
Screening for Phytochemical
Constituents:
Aqueous,
acetone, ethanol, benzene, chloroform extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical investigation for the presence of secondary metabolites
such as carbohydrates, flavonoids, volatile oils, phenolic compounds, tannins etc.
Screening for Antimicrobial Activity:
The
bacterial strains like E. coli, S. abony, P. aeruginosa were used for testing the antibacterial activity
of alcohol, acetone, benzene, chloroform and aqueous extracts of the roots of Murraya koenigii L The agar -well diffusion assay was adopted.
The
medium was sterilized by autoclaving at 120 C. (15 lb/in2). About 30 ml of
nutrient agar medium inoculated with the respective strains of bacteria was
transferred aseptically into each sterilized Petri plate. The plates were left at
room temperature to allow solidification. In each plate, a single well of 6- mm
was made using a sterile borer. The extracts were freshly reconstituted with
suitable solvent (dimethyl sulphoxide)
and tested at various concentrations. The test sample and the control (0.2 ml)
were placed in 6- mm well. Antibacterial assay plates were incubated at 37+1 C
for 24 hrs. Streptomycin (25 mg/ well) was used as positive control.
Varying
degree of inhibition was observed 30 percent concentration of ethanol, acetone,
benzene, chloroform and aqueous extracts in bacterial culture media as shown in
table 2.
RESULT AND
DISCUSSION:
The
ethanol, acetone, benzene, chloroform and aqueous extracts of Murraya koenigii
roots were tested for antimicrobial activities against E. coli, S. abony, P. aeruginosa. E. coli
showed maximum sensitivity for Aqueous, alcoholic and chloroform extract as
compared to acetone and benzene extract. S. abony
showed maximum sensitivity to aqueous and alcoholic and minimum sensitivity was
observed for acetone, benzene and chloroform extract.
Maximum
sensitivity to aqueous extract and acetone extract and minimum for alcoholic,
benzene and chloroform extract was obtained for P. aeruginosa
(Table 2). The results revealed that the extracts of Murraya koenigii roots are effective against E.
coli, S. abony, P. aeruginosa.
Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts
showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids,
volatile oil, phenolic compounds, tannins.
Further work on the profile and nature of chemical constituents of Murraya koenigii
roots will provide more information on the bioactive principles responsible for
their pharmacological properties.
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Received
on 07.03.2010
Accepted on 17.02.2010
© A&V Publication all right reserved
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.
2(6): Nov. - Dec. 2010, 476-477